The flow direction of the evaporator is opposite to that of the steam. When the feed liquid is added from the end effect, the pump must be sent to the first effect; and the steam is added from the first effect to the last effect.
Advantages: 1. evaporation temperature increases with the concentration of the solution increases, so the viscosity of each effect is very small, the heat transfer coefficient is roughly the same; 2. complete liquid discharge temperature is higher, can be further reduced flash thickening under decompression.
Disadvantages: 1., more auxiliary equipment, each effect must be set up liquid pump; 2. each effect is lower than the boiling point temperature of the feed, must be installed preheater (otherwise two steam reduction), so energy consumption increased.
In general, the evaporation are suitable for the treatment of higher viscosity changes with temperature and concentration of the counter feeding method, but without the use of heat sensitive materials and evaporation.
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